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GPA is a credit-weighted average of your grades, expressed on a standard scale. The weighting is the important part: a four-credit course influences your GPA twice as much as a two-credit elective with the same letter grade. Two students with identical letter grades can have different GPAs because one took more demanding, higher-credit courses.
| Step | What to do |
|---|---|
| 1 | Convert each letter grade to its grade point value (A = 4.0, A− = 3.7, B+ = 3.3 …) |
| 2 | Multiply each grade point value by the course's credits, this gives quality points |
| 3 | Add up all the quality points |
| 4 | Divide by total credits attempted. The result is your GPA |
The GPA calculator does this from quality points and credits; the cumulative GPA calculator combines terms; the 4.0 GPA scale lists every letter's point value in one table.
| Scale | Range | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| Unweighted 4.0 | 0.0–4.0 | The default US GPA; every course treated equally |
| Weighted | up to 5.0 | Honours, AP and IB courses get a bonus; used mainly for class rank in high school |
| Capped weighted | up to 4.40 | The University of California system, which caps honours bonuses |
| 10-point CGPA | 0–10 | India and several other systems; see the conversion page |
| Philippine GWA | 1.00–5.00 (lower is better) | Philippine universities, note the scale runs the other way |
| UK degree classification | First / 2:1 / 2:2 / Third | British universities, which do not use GPA at all |
Because the scales differ in direction as well as range, converting between them is where most errors happen. A Philippine GWA of 1.75 is excellent; a GPA of 1.75 is failing. The school-specific calculators on this site handle the systems most likely to be on your transcript, including 17 university and national systems from UC and MIT to Bocconi, HKU and the German 1–6 scale.
| Item | Usually |
|---|---|
| Core academic courses | Counted, always |
| Physical education, NSTP, sports | Often excluded from GWA and from core GPAs; check your handbook |
| Pass/fail courses | Usually earn credit but no grade points, so they neither help nor hurt |
| Transferred credits | Often earn credit but no grade points at the receiving institution |
| Repeated courses | Depends entirely on policy: both attempts counted, or the new grade replaces the old. This single rule can move a GPA by tenths of a point |
| Withdrawals (W) | No grade points, but they show on the transcript and some systems count attempts |
A GPA of 3.5 means something very different in an engineering programme with mandatory curves than in a humanities programme without them, and admission offices know this, which is why they look at the transcript, not just the number. Within a single institution, though, GPA is a precise and stable ranking device, and the cumulative figure is the one that matters most because it is the one that appears on your degree.
If you are trying to move your GPA, the arithmetic above is the honest guide: early credits weigh as much as late ones, so the fastest gains come from the terms you have not taken yet. If you are trying to work out what a set of scores will produce, start with the plain GPA calculator and read the table it shows for where each grade value comes from.